1604-1605 Ile-Sainte-Croix Saint Croix Island International Historic Site
Type
Publication
Authors
Category
Heritage (St. Croix Island)
[ Browse Items ]
Publication Year
1998
Pages
256
Subject
St. Croix Island Development History
Tags
Abstract
"Summary
This document explains the National Park Service's plans for managing and interpreting Saint Croix Island International Historic Site at Calais, Maine.
Saint Croix Island in the 1604 site of the first French attempt to colonize the territory they called Acadia and the location of one of the earliest European settlements in North America. The island, on the boundary between the United States and Canada, is the only International historic site in the U.S national park system.
Besides serving as a longe-range guide, this document will be used to prepare for the international commemoration in 2004 of the settlement's 400th anniversary. The document presents National Park Service conclusions based on research and public reviews of earlier drafts. It is divided into five parts: background, general management plan, interpretative plan, land protection plan, and final environmental impact statement.
Part 1 presents background information about the historic site, the U.S - Canadian partnership, the planning process, the history of the area, and the cultural and natural resources. This section also includes general information about the region and related sites, plus demographic data.
Part 2 defines the mission, goals, and general directions for managing, developing, and interpreting the site.
Part 3 focuses on what the visitor will learn at the site and presents long range educational and informational goals for such services and media as ranger-led pr0grams, brochures, and indoor and outdoor exhibits.
Part 4 summarizes the site's land protection needs, status of tracts within the site boundary, and acquisition proposals.
Part 5 analyzes the environmental effects of various development and management alternatives that were considered.
Briefly, the National Park Service plans to allow Saint Croix Island remain as undeveloped as possible because of its fragility and inaccessibility and to focus interpretative efforts on the mainland. The overall intent of the National Parks Service's plans is to commemorate and interpret the beginnings of North America's enduring French legacy by preserving primary site resources and the sense of place evoked by St. Croix Island. For details about the plans, see the appropriate section in this document."
This document explains the National Park Service's plans for managing and interpreting Saint Croix Island International Historic Site at Calais, Maine.
Saint Croix Island in the 1604 site of the first French attempt to colonize the territory they called Acadia and the location of one of the earliest European settlements in North America. The island, on the boundary between the United States and Canada, is the only International historic site in the U.S national park system.
Besides serving as a longe-range guide, this document will be used to prepare for the international commemoration in 2004 of the settlement's 400th anniversary. The document presents National Park Service conclusions based on research and public reviews of earlier drafts. It is divided into five parts: background, general management plan, interpretative plan, land protection plan, and final environmental impact statement.
Part 1 presents background information about the historic site, the U.S - Canadian partnership, the planning process, the history of the area, and the cultural and natural resources. This section also includes general information about the region and related sites, plus demographic data.
Part 2 defines the mission, goals, and general directions for managing, developing, and interpreting the site.
Part 3 focuses on what the visitor will learn at the site and presents long range educational and informational goals for such services and media as ranger-led pr0grams, brochures, and indoor and outdoor exhibits.
Part 4 summarizes the site's land protection needs, status of tracts within the site boundary, and acquisition proposals.
Part 5 analyzes the environmental effects of various development and management alternatives that were considered.
Briefly, the National Park Service plans to allow Saint Croix Island remain as undeveloped as possible because of its fragility and inaccessibility and to focus interpretative efforts on the mainland. The overall intent of the National Parks Service's plans is to commemorate and interpret the beginnings of North America's enduring French legacy by preserving primary site resources and the sense of place evoked by St. Croix Island. For details about the plans, see the appropriate section in this document."
Description
The document is an official production from the American National Park Service examining the potential for developing an interpretive center for St. Croix Island.
An Environmental Impact Assessment is provided, along with extensive details presenting what a visitors center may look like in the Long Range Interpretive Plan.
An Environmental Impact Assessment is provided, along with extensive details presenting what a visitors center may look like in the Long Range Interpretive Plan.
Biblio Notes
Apropos Planning. 1995. 'Proposal: A Long Range Interpretive Plan for Saint Croix Island International Historic Site'. Ottawa: Apropos Planning.
Baxter, J. P. 1906. 'A Memoir of Jacques Cartier..., His Voyages to the St. Lawrence'. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.
Bourque, B. J., and R. H. Whitehead. 1985. "Tarrentines and the Introduction of European Trade Goods in the Gulf of Maine". 'Ethnohistory' 32:4, 327-341.
Brasser, T. J. 1978. Early Indian-European Contacts. In "Northeast", edited by B.G. Trigger, pp. 78-88. 'Handbook of North American Indians', Vol. 15, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
Brodeur, P. 1985. 'Restitution: The Land Claims of the Mashpee, Passamaquoddy, and Penobscot Indians of New England'. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
Canada, Department of Agriculture. 1882. 'Census of Canada: 1880-1881', Vol. 1. Ottawa: MacLean, Roger.
Canada, Department of Canadian Heritage. [1995] a. 'Saint Croix Island International Historic Site; Heritage Presentation Prospectus'. [Halifax, Nova Scotia]: Department of Canadian Heritage, Professional and Technical Services, Atlantic Regional Office.
________. [1995]b. 'Visual Resources: Saint Croix Island IHS Exhibit'. Looseleaf binder. [Halifax, Nova Scotia]: Department of Canadian Heritage, Professional and Technical Services, Atlantic Regional Office.
Canada, Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1953. 'Census of Canada: 1951'. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics.
Candide, R. P. de Nant. 1927. 'Pages Glorieuses de L'epopee Canadiences: Une Mission Capucine en Acadia'. Paris: Librarie Saint-Francois
Champlain, S. de. 1967. "The Voyages of Sieur de Champlain". In 'Voyages of Samuel de Champlain 1604-1618', edited by W.L. Grant. Reprinted. New York: Barnes and Noble. Originally published 1907, 'Original Narratives of Early American History', J. F. Jameson, general editor. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. First published 1613. Paris: Jean Berjon.
__________. 1971. The 'Works of Samuel de Champlain, Vol. I, 1599-1607'. Translated and edited by H.H. Langton and W.F. Ganong. H.P. Biggar, general editor. Reprinted. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Originally published 1922, Toronto: The Champlain Society.
Churchill, E. A. 1978. 'The Founding of Maine, 1600-1640: A Revisionist Interpretation'. Maine Historical Society, "Quarterly" 18:1, 21-54.
Clark, Andrew Hill. 1968. 'Acadia: The Geography of Early Nova Scotia to 1760'. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Continental-Allied Company, Inc. 1972. 'Passamaquoddy Indian Economic Development'. Report Under Contract 0-35417. Washington, DC: Economic Development Administration.
Crist, T. A. J. 1995. Biocultural Response to Scurvy: An Example from Ste. Croix Island, New France, 1604-1605. 'Abstracts of the Society for Historical Archaeology Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology: 68.
Cronan, Christopher, S. J. Kelley, J. Piampiano, et al. 1997. 'Natural Resource Inventory Study for St. Croix Island International Historic Site. Final Report. Orono, ME: University of Maine.
Dumas, G.-M. 1966. "Come de Mentes". 'Dictionary of Canadian Biography'. Volume 1. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Page 234.
Erickson, V.O. 1978. "Maliseet-Passamaquoddy". In 'Northeast', edited by B.G. Trigger, pp. 123-136. 'Handbook of North American Indians', Vol. 15, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution.
Fefer, S., and P. Schettig. 1980. 'An Ecological Characterization of Coastal Maine'. Newton Corner, MA: Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region.
Ganong, W.F. 1906. Additions and Corrections to Monographs on the Place-Nomenclature, Cartography, Historic Sites, Boundaries, and Settlement-Origins of the Province of New Brunswick. 'Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada' 2d ser. 12(2):3-157.
_________. 1945. 'Ste. Croix (Dochet) Island. Revised and enlarged, edited by S.B Ganong, Monographic Series No. 3. Saint John, N.B.: The Brunswick Museum.
Goddard, I. 1978. "Eastern Algonquian Languages." In 'Northeast', edited by B.G. Trigger, pp. 70-77. 'Handbook of North American Indians', Vol. 15, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
Goody, Clancy and Associates. 1995a. 'Saint Croix Island IHS - Historic Resources Analysis, 8/28/95'. Boston, MA.
___________. 1995b. 'Saint Croix [Island] IHS - Draft Socio-Economic & Visitation Analysis, 6/30/95. Boston, MA.
'Gulf of Maine Times', 1997. "Canada and US collaborate on strategies to address Gulf of Maine oil spills." Vol. 1 No.1, Spring, p. 1, 4.
Hadlock, W.S. 1950. 'Narratives Report on Preliminary Exploration at St. Croix Island'. On file at Acadia National Park, Bar Harbor, Maine.
Harrington, J.C. 1951. 'Preliminary Archaeological Explorations on St. Croix Island, Maine'. On file at Acadia National Park, Bar Harbor, Maine.
Heritage Partners. 1997. 'Schematic Design Concept: Saint Croix Island International Historic Site Orientation Exhibit, Maine Tourist Information Center, Calais. [Boston, MA]: Heritage Partners.
Ignatius de Paris. 1905. "[Letter regarding Acadia.]" 'Report Concerning Canadian Archives for the Year 1904'. Ottawa: by Order of the Parliament.
Innis, H. A. 1940. 'The Cod Fisheries: The History of an International Economy'. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Issacson, D. A. (Editor). 1970. 'Maine, A Guide "Down East."' 2d edition. Rockland, ME: Courier-Gazette.
Johnson, A. J. B. 1995. 'Toward a New Past: Report on the Current Presentation of Aboriginal History by Parks Canada. Hull, Quebec: Historical Services Branch, National Historic Sites Directorate, Parks Canada.
Johnson, Eric S. 1996. 'Archaeological Overview and Assessment, The Saint Croix Island International Historic Site', Calais, Maine. UM-190c. Amherst, Massachusetts: Archaeological Services, Environmental Institute, University of Massachusetts.
Johnson, R. W., and M. Wilson. 1976. 'St. Croix Island National Monument: Cultural Resources Survey of Mainland Tracts, August 23-31, 1976'. On file at The Branch of Museum Services, Marine Barracks, Charlestown Navy Yard, National Park Service, Charlestown, MA.
Judd, R. W., E. A. Churchill, and Joel W. Eastman, eds. 1995. 'Maine: The Pine Tree State from Prehistory to the Present'. Orono: University of Maine Press.
Kilby, W.H. 1888. 'Eastport and Passamaquoddy: A Collection of Historical and Biographical Sketches'. Eastport, ME: Edward E. Snead.
Knowlton, I. C. 1875. 'Annals of Calais, Maine St. Stephen, New Brunswick'. Calais, ME: J. A. Sears.
Kopec, D. 1985. "The Eddie Brown Collection of the West Grand Lake Area, Maine". 'The Maine Archaeological Society Bulletin' 25(2):3-37
Lescarbot, M. 1928. 'Nova Francia: A Description of Acadia, 1606'. Translated by P. Erondelle. New York: Harper and Brothers. Originally published 1609.
Loendorf, L. L. 1976. 'Mainland Area - St. Croix Island N[ational] M[onument] Cultural Resource Inventory'. On file at The Branch of Museum Services, Marine Barracks, Charlestown Navy Yard, National Park Service, Charlestown, MA.
Mahlstedt, T. F. 1979. Memorandum of August 16, 1979, to Chief, Division of Cultural Resources, North Atlantic Regional Office, National Park Service: Inspection of Artifacts by Richard Lueger and Assessment of the St. Croix Island Archaeological Assemblages. On file at The Branch of Museum Services, Marine Barracks, Charlestown Navy Yard, National Park Service, Charlestown, MA.
Manning, R. E. 1990. 'Visitor Use Survey: Roosevelt Campobello International Park'. Prepaid for National Park Service, North Atlantic Region. Boston, MA.
Michelson, T. 1935. "The Passamaquoddy Indians of Maine". 'In Explorations and Field Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1934'. pp. 85-88. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution.
Morison, S. E. 1971. 'The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600'. New York: Oxford University Press.
Preston, Richard. 1939. "Fishing versus Plantation: New England in Parliament of 1621." 'American Historical Review' 45(October 1939):29-43
Prins, H. 1989. "Natives and Newcomers: Mount Desert Island in the Age of Exploration." In 'An Island in Time: Three Thousand Years of Cultural Exchange on Mount Desert Island', edited by A. McMullen and D. Kopec, pp. 21-36. Bar Harbor, ME: The Robert Abbe Museum.
Quinn, D. B. 1940. 'The Voyages and Colonizing Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert'. Two Volumes. London: Hakluyt Society.
Reid, John G. 1981. 'Acadia, Maine, and New Scotland: Marginal Colonies in the Seventeenth Century'. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Richardson, H. T. 1946. A Study in the Placement of the Ste. Croix Colony, New France, in Accordance with the Boulder on Dochet Island, Maine. On file at The Branch of Museum Services, Marine Barracks, Charlestown Navy Yard, National Park Service, Charlestown, MA.
Riley, E. M. 1949. Preliminary Historical Report: St. Croix Island. On file at The Branch of Museum Services, Marine Barracks, Charlestown Navy Yard, National Park Service. Charlestown, MA.
St. Croix Estuary Project. 1996. 'Caring for Our Coast: A Plan for Community Management of the St. Croix Estuary Area'. Calais, ME.
St. Croix Historical Society. 1995. '1904-2004 St. Croix Island Celebrations'. N.p.: St. Croix Historical Society Newsletter 6(1)
St. Croix International Waterway Commission. 1993. 'St. Croix International Waterway: A Heritage, A Future. Plan for Long-term Cooperative Management of the St. Croix International Waterway'. Calais, ME.
_____________. [1996]. 'St. Croix International Waterway Commission 1995 Annual Report'. Calais, ME.
Salisbury, N. 1982. 'Manitou and Providence: Indians, European, and the Making of New England, 1500-1643'. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sanger, D. 1986. "Introduction to the Prehistory of the Passamaquoddy Bay Region." 'American Review of Canadian Studies'. 16(2):139-159.
___________.(editor). 1979. 'Discovering Maine's Archaeological Heritage'. Augusta, ME: Maine Historic Preservation Commission.
Snell, C. W. 1975. Historic Structure Report: St. Croix River Light Station, Maine, St. Croix Island National Monument, Maine, Historical Data. Denver Service Center Historic Preservation Team. National Park Service, U.S Department of the Interior. On file at The Branch of Museum Services, Marine Barracks, Charlestown Navy Yard, National Park Service, Charlestown, MA.
Spiess, A. E., and B. D. Spiess. 1987. "New England Pandemic of 1616-1622: Cause and Archaeological Implication." 'Man in the Northeast'. No. 34, 71-83.
Thwaites, R. G., ed. 1896-1901. 'The Jesuits Relations and Allied Documents', Seventy-eight volumes. Cleveland: Burrough Brothers.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1811. 'Book 1 of the Third Census 1810'. Washington, DC.
U.S. Department of Interior. National Biological Survey. 1995. South Bluff Erosion Assessment, St. Croix Island National Monument. A Study conducted by James Allen, NBS Geomorphologist. Boston: National Biological Service.
U.S. Department of Interior. National Park Service. 1970. Interpretive Prospectus. St. Croix Island National Monument/ Maine. Bar Harbor, ME: Acadia National Park.
U.S. Department of Interior.______________. 1977. Assessment of Alternatives for a Comprehensive Design of Initial Development, St. Croix Island National Monument, Maine. Denver: Denver Service Center.
U.S. Department of Interior.______________. 1988. Management Policies. Washington DC:
U.S. Department of Interior. _____________. [1988]. Saint Croix Island International Historic Site; Land Protection Plan. Calais, ME: Acadia National Park.
U.S. Department of Interior.______________. 1993. Roosevelt Campobello International Park. Management Plan. N.p.: n.p
U.S. Department of Interior. _____________. 1995a. Visitors Center Feasability Study; Saint Croix [Island] IHS. A Study conducted by David Anthone, NPS Architect. New York: Northeast Cultural Resources Center, Building Conservation Branch.
U.S. Department of Interior. _____________. 1995b. 'The National Parks: Index 1995'. Produced by the Office of Public Affairs and the Division of Publication. Washington, DC.
U.S. Department of Interior. _____________. 1996a. Saint Croix Island IHS ----- List of Classified Structures (LCS) Update. Boston: New England System Support Office, Cultural Resources Management.
U.S. Department of Interior. _____________. 1996b. 'Saint Croix Island International Historic Site, Maine: Draft General Management Plan and Draft Environmental Impact Statement'. Boston, New England System Support Office, Planning and Legislation Group.
Varney, G. J. 1881. 'A Gazetteer of the State of Maine'. Boston: B. B. Russell.
Vroom, J. N. D. "The Tercentenary Celebration at St. Croix." 'Acadiensis' 5:33-36
Wright, E. C. 1955. 'The Loyalists of New Brunswick'. Fredricton, New Brunswick: n.p.
Wroth, L. C. 1970. 'The voyages of Giovanni da Verrazzano 1524-1528'. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Baxter, J. P. 1906. 'A Memoir of Jacques Cartier..., His Voyages to the St. Lawrence'. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.
Bourque, B. J., and R. H. Whitehead. 1985. "Tarrentines and the Introduction of European Trade Goods in the Gulf of Maine". 'Ethnohistory' 32:4, 327-341.
Brasser, T. J. 1978. Early Indian-European Contacts. In "Northeast", edited by B.G. Trigger, pp. 78-88. 'Handbook of North American Indians', Vol. 15, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
Brodeur, P. 1985. 'Restitution: The Land Claims of the Mashpee, Passamaquoddy, and Penobscot Indians of New England'. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
Canada, Department of Agriculture. 1882. 'Census of Canada: 1880-1881', Vol. 1. Ottawa: MacLean, Roger.
Canada, Department of Canadian Heritage. [1995] a. 'Saint Croix Island International Historic Site; Heritage Presentation Prospectus'. [Halifax, Nova Scotia]: Department of Canadian Heritage, Professional and Technical Services, Atlantic Regional Office.
________. [1995]b. 'Visual Resources: Saint Croix Island IHS Exhibit'. Looseleaf binder. [Halifax, Nova Scotia]: Department of Canadian Heritage, Professional and Technical Services, Atlantic Regional Office.
Canada, Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1953. 'Census of Canada: 1951'. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics.
Candide, R. P. de Nant. 1927. 'Pages Glorieuses de L'epopee Canadiences: Une Mission Capucine en Acadia'. Paris: Librarie Saint-Francois
Champlain, S. de. 1967. "The Voyages of Sieur de Champlain". In 'Voyages of Samuel de Champlain 1604-1618', edited by W.L. Grant. Reprinted. New York: Barnes and Noble. Originally published 1907, 'Original Narratives of Early American History', J. F. Jameson, general editor. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. First published 1613. Paris: Jean Berjon.
__________. 1971. The 'Works of Samuel de Champlain, Vol. I, 1599-1607'. Translated and edited by H.H. Langton and W.F. Ganong. H.P. Biggar, general editor. Reprinted. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Originally published 1922, Toronto: The Champlain Society.
Churchill, E. A. 1978. 'The Founding of Maine, 1600-1640: A Revisionist Interpretation'. Maine Historical Society, "Quarterly" 18:1, 21-54.
Clark, Andrew Hill. 1968. 'Acadia: The Geography of Early Nova Scotia to 1760'. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Continental-Allied Company, Inc. 1972. 'Passamaquoddy Indian Economic Development'. Report Under Contract 0-35417. Washington, DC: Economic Development Administration.
Crist, T. A. J. 1995. Biocultural Response to Scurvy: An Example from Ste. Croix Island, New France, 1604-1605. 'Abstracts of the Society for Historical Archaeology Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology: 68.
Cronan, Christopher, S. J. Kelley, J. Piampiano, et al. 1997. 'Natural Resource Inventory Study for St. Croix Island International Historic Site. Final Report. Orono, ME: University of Maine.
Dumas, G.-M. 1966. "Come de Mentes". 'Dictionary of Canadian Biography'. Volume 1. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Page 234.
Erickson, V.O. 1978. "Maliseet-Passamaquoddy". In 'Northeast', edited by B.G. Trigger, pp. 123-136. 'Handbook of North American Indians', Vol. 15, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution.
Fefer, S., and P. Schettig. 1980. 'An Ecological Characterization of Coastal Maine'. Newton Corner, MA: Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region.
Ganong, W.F. 1906. Additions and Corrections to Monographs on the Place-Nomenclature, Cartography, Historic Sites, Boundaries, and Settlement-Origins of the Province of New Brunswick. 'Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada' 2d ser. 12(2):3-157.
_________. 1945. 'Ste. Croix (Dochet) Island. Revised and enlarged, edited by S.B Ganong, Monographic Series No. 3. Saint John, N.B.: The Brunswick Museum.
Goddard, I. 1978. "Eastern Algonquian Languages." In 'Northeast', edited by B.G. Trigger, pp. 70-77. 'Handbook of North American Indians', Vol. 15, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
Goody, Clancy and Associates. 1995a. 'Saint Croix Island IHS - Historic Resources Analysis, 8/28/95'. Boston, MA.
___________. 1995b. 'Saint Croix [Island] IHS - Draft Socio-Economic & Visitation Analysis, 6/30/95. Boston, MA.
'Gulf of Maine Times', 1997. "Canada and US collaborate on strategies to address Gulf of Maine oil spills." Vol. 1 No.1, Spring, p. 1, 4.
Hadlock, W.S. 1950. 'Narratives Report on Preliminary Exploration at St. Croix Island'. On file at Acadia National Park, Bar Harbor, Maine.
Harrington, J.C. 1951. 'Preliminary Archaeological Explorations on St. Croix Island, Maine'. On file at Acadia National Park, Bar Harbor, Maine.
Heritage Partners. 1997. 'Schematic Design Concept: Saint Croix Island International Historic Site Orientation Exhibit, Maine Tourist Information Center, Calais. [Boston, MA]: Heritage Partners.
Ignatius de Paris. 1905. "[Letter regarding Acadia.]" 'Report Concerning Canadian Archives for the Year 1904'. Ottawa: by Order of the Parliament.
Innis, H. A. 1940. 'The Cod Fisheries: The History of an International Economy'. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Issacson, D. A. (Editor). 1970. 'Maine, A Guide "Down East."' 2d edition. Rockland, ME: Courier-Gazette.
Johnson, A. J. B. 1995. 'Toward a New Past: Report on the Current Presentation of Aboriginal History by Parks Canada. Hull, Quebec: Historical Services Branch, National Historic Sites Directorate, Parks Canada.
Johnson, Eric S. 1996. 'Archaeological Overview and Assessment, The Saint Croix Island International Historic Site', Calais, Maine. UM-190c. Amherst, Massachusetts: Archaeological Services, Environmental Institute, University of Massachusetts.
Johnson, R. W., and M. Wilson. 1976. 'St. Croix Island National Monument: Cultural Resources Survey of Mainland Tracts, August 23-31, 1976'. On file at The Branch of Museum Services, Marine Barracks, Charlestown Navy Yard, National Park Service, Charlestown, MA.
Judd, R. W., E. A. Churchill, and Joel W. Eastman, eds. 1995. 'Maine: The Pine Tree State from Prehistory to the Present'. Orono: University of Maine Press.
Kilby, W.H. 1888. 'Eastport and Passamaquoddy: A Collection of Historical and Biographical Sketches'. Eastport, ME: Edward E. Snead.
Knowlton, I. C. 1875. 'Annals of Calais, Maine St. Stephen, New Brunswick'. Calais, ME: J. A. Sears.
Kopec, D. 1985. "The Eddie Brown Collection of the West Grand Lake Area, Maine". 'The Maine Archaeological Society Bulletin' 25(2):3-37
Lescarbot, M. 1928. 'Nova Francia: A Description of Acadia, 1606'. Translated by P. Erondelle. New York: Harper and Brothers. Originally published 1609.
Loendorf, L. L. 1976. 'Mainland Area - St. Croix Island N[ational] M[onument] Cultural Resource Inventory'. On file at The Branch of Museum Services, Marine Barracks, Charlestown Navy Yard, National Park Service, Charlestown, MA.
Mahlstedt, T. F. 1979. Memorandum of August 16, 1979, to Chief, Division of Cultural Resources, North Atlantic Regional Office, National Park Service: Inspection of Artifacts by Richard Lueger and Assessment of the St. Croix Island Archaeological Assemblages. On file at The Branch of Museum Services, Marine Barracks, Charlestown Navy Yard, National Park Service, Charlestown, MA.
Manning, R. E. 1990. 'Visitor Use Survey: Roosevelt Campobello International Park'. Prepaid for National Park Service, North Atlantic Region. Boston, MA.
Michelson, T. 1935. "The Passamaquoddy Indians of Maine". 'In Explorations and Field Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1934'. pp. 85-88. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution.
Morison, S. E. 1971. 'The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600'. New York: Oxford University Press.
Preston, Richard. 1939. "Fishing versus Plantation: New England in Parliament of 1621." 'American Historical Review' 45(October 1939):29-43
Prins, H. 1989. "Natives and Newcomers: Mount Desert Island in the Age of Exploration." In 'An Island in Time: Three Thousand Years of Cultural Exchange on Mount Desert Island', edited by A. McMullen and D. Kopec, pp. 21-36. Bar Harbor, ME: The Robert Abbe Museum.
Quinn, D. B. 1940. 'The Voyages and Colonizing Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert'. Two Volumes. London: Hakluyt Society.
Reid, John G. 1981. 'Acadia, Maine, and New Scotland: Marginal Colonies in the Seventeenth Century'. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Richardson, H. T. 1946. A Study in the Placement of the Ste. Croix Colony, New France, in Accordance with the Boulder on Dochet Island, Maine. On file at The Branch of Museum Services, Marine Barracks, Charlestown Navy Yard, National Park Service, Charlestown, MA.
Riley, E. M. 1949. Preliminary Historical Report: St. Croix Island. On file at The Branch of Museum Services, Marine Barracks, Charlestown Navy Yard, National Park Service. Charlestown, MA.
St. Croix Estuary Project. 1996. 'Caring for Our Coast: A Plan for Community Management of the St. Croix Estuary Area'. Calais, ME.
St. Croix Historical Society. 1995. '1904-2004 St. Croix Island Celebrations'. N.p.: St. Croix Historical Society Newsletter 6(1)
St. Croix International Waterway Commission. 1993. 'St. Croix International Waterway: A Heritage, A Future. Plan for Long-term Cooperative Management of the St. Croix International Waterway'. Calais, ME.
_____________. [1996]. 'St. Croix International Waterway Commission 1995 Annual Report'. Calais, ME.
Salisbury, N. 1982. 'Manitou and Providence: Indians, European, and the Making of New England, 1500-1643'. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sanger, D. 1986. "Introduction to the Prehistory of the Passamaquoddy Bay Region." 'American Review of Canadian Studies'. 16(2):139-159.
___________.(editor). 1979. 'Discovering Maine's Archaeological Heritage'. Augusta, ME: Maine Historic Preservation Commission.
Snell, C. W. 1975. Historic Structure Report: St. Croix River Light Station, Maine, St. Croix Island National Monument, Maine, Historical Data. Denver Service Center Historic Preservation Team. National Park Service, U.S Department of the Interior. On file at The Branch of Museum Services, Marine Barracks, Charlestown Navy Yard, National Park Service, Charlestown, MA.
Spiess, A. E., and B. D. Spiess. 1987. "New England Pandemic of 1616-1622: Cause and Archaeological Implication." 'Man in the Northeast'. No. 34, 71-83.
Thwaites, R. G., ed. 1896-1901. 'The Jesuits Relations and Allied Documents', Seventy-eight volumes. Cleveland: Burrough Brothers.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1811. 'Book 1 of the Third Census 1810'. Washington, DC.
U.S. Department of Interior. National Biological Survey. 1995. South Bluff Erosion Assessment, St. Croix Island National Monument. A Study conducted by James Allen, NBS Geomorphologist. Boston: National Biological Service.
U.S. Department of Interior. National Park Service. 1970. Interpretive Prospectus. St. Croix Island National Monument/ Maine. Bar Harbor, ME: Acadia National Park.
U.S. Department of Interior.______________. 1977. Assessment of Alternatives for a Comprehensive Design of Initial Development, St. Croix Island National Monument, Maine. Denver: Denver Service Center.
U.S. Department of Interior.______________. 1988. Management Policies. Washington DC:
U.S. Department of Interior. _____________. [1988]. Saint Croix Island International Historic Site; Land Protection Plan. Calais, ME: Acadia National Park.
U.S. Department of Interior.______________. 1993. Roosevelt Campobello International Park. Management Plan. N.p.: n.p
U.S. Department of Interior. _____________. 1995a. Visitors Center Feasability Study; Saint Croix [Island] IHS. A Study conducted by David Anthone, NPS Architect. New York: Northeast Cultural Resources Center, Building Conservation Branch.
U.S. Department of Interior. _____________. 1995b. 'The National Parks: Index 1995'. Produced by the Office of Public Affairs and the Division of Publication. Washington, DC.
U.S. Department of Interior. _____________. 1996a. Saint Croix Island IHS ----- List of Classified Structures (LCS) Update. Boston: New England System Support Office, Cultural Resources Management.
U.S. Department of Interior. _____________. 1996b. 'Saint Croix Island International Historic Site, Maine: Draft General Management Plan and Draft Environmental Impact Statement'. Boston, New England System Support Office, Planning and Legislation Group.
Varney, G. J. 1881. 'A Gazetteer of the State of Maine'. Boston: B. B. Russell.
Vroom, J. N. D. "The Tercentenary Celebration at St. Croix." 'Acadiensis' 5:33-36
Wright, E. C. 1955. 'The Loyalists of New Brunswick'. Fredricton, New Brunswick: n.p.
Wroth, L. C. 1970. 'The voyages of Giovanni da Verrazzano 1524-1528'. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Number of Copies
3
